РефератыИностранный языкLaLabor Statistics Essay Research Paper The relatively

Labor Statistics Essay Research Paper The relatively

Labor Statistics Essay, Research Paper


The relatively recent development of longitudinal establishment datasets has


generated quite a bit of excitement in both the academic and the statistical


communities. From this literature, we have learned that there is a large amount


of volatility at the individual establishment level that underlies the smooth


time series of aggregate employment growth. The descriptive statistics coming


out of this literature have not only stimulated the review and updating of


existing labor market theories, but have also stimulated the U.S. statistical


agencies to develop their administrative datasets in such a way so as to produce


longitudinal job flow statistics. The purpose of this paper is to use a new


longitudinal database from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in order to


examine how establishment births and deaths contribute to job creation, job


destruction, and net employment growth at different frequencies of measurement.


Despite all that we have learned about the labor market from the existing job


flows literature, the conclusions that can be drawn from these studies are


somewhat limited. First, almost all of the existing work using U.S. data has


been restricted to the manufacturing sector. Recent work by several authors has


illustrated how job creation and job destruction in manufacturing may not be


representative of the entire U.S. economy. 1 A second limitation is that most of


the existing empirical work on job flows, either by choice or by necessity, is


based upon data that excludes the smallest establishments. 2 Since most


establishment births and deaths are quite small, at least in the short run, we


are thus unsure how these births and deaths influence employment growth. While


data that focuses on large establishments will cover most employment, an


analysis of job flows depends on the magnitude of employment flows at continuing


establishments relative to the incidence and average size of establishment


births and deaths. The longitudinal database introduced in this paper is not


subject to either of these limitations. The microdata upon which this paper is


based are the unemployment insurance reports that 1 The studies by Davis and


Haltiwanger (1990, 1992), Davis, Haltiwanger, and Schuh (1993, 1996), and Dunne,


Roberts and Samuelson (1988, 1989a, 1989b) have all used manufacturing data


housed at the Center for Economic Studies at the U.S. Census Bureau. Recent work


with unemployment insurance data by Anderson and Meyer (1994), Foote (1997),


Lane, Stevens, and Burgess (1996), and Leonard (1987) has looked at other


sectors of the economy. 2 Small plants with less than five employees are not in


the sample frame of the Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) data used by Davis,


Haltiwanger, and Schuh (19

96); these plants represent about one-third of all


plants and about 4 to 7 percent of employment. Using the Census of Manufactures,


Dunne, Roberts and Samuelson (1989a) exclude manufacturing plants with less than


5 employees; these excluded plants account for between 30 and 40 percent of all


plants but represent only one percent of employment. The firm sample used by


Anderson and Meyer (1994) includes only firms with at least 50 employees; this


sample accounts for 83 percent of employment.


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