РефератыИностранный языкDrDr John Mcloughlin Essay Research Paper John

Dr John Mcloughlin Essay Research Paper John

Dr. John Mcloughlin Essay, Research Paper


John McLoughlin was one of the most influential figures of the fur trade and


settlement periods of Pacific Northwest history. Chief Factor of the Columbia District of


the British Hudson’s Bay Company, he reigned as a benevolent autocrat, befriended


Americans, and eventually became an American citizen at Oregon City.


He was born in Quebec in 1784 and trained as a physician near Montreal. He


became a physician and traveled to the Northwest region in 1824 as a representative


of the Hudson Bay Company. Here he occupied the position of Chief Factor from 1825,


when the regional headquarters of the company was moved from old Fort Astoria to


Fort Vancouver, until his retirement in 1845.


During his reign as Chief Factor, Dr. John McLoughlin directed the operations of


the fur trade in all the country west of the Rocky Mountains and north of the California


line, as well as the more localized activities of agriculture, livestock raising, sawmilling,


flour milling, dairying, and salmon fishing. From 1825 to 1843, when the provisional


government was first established by the settlers in the Willamette Valley, he was the


undisputed governor of the vast area bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east,


Mexican territory (California) on the south, the Pacific Ocean on the west and the


Russian settlements on the north.


Dr. John McLoughlin exercised control over the Indians of the region, welcomed


and provisioned missionaries and settlers, encouraged schools and church instruction


and for a number of years was the only medical practitioner in the region. His


contributions to the development of the Northwest region in general and the Oregon


country in particular make him truly deserving of the title by which he is often referred


to, ?Father of the Oregon?


In 1857, the man who had ruled an empire two and a half times the size of Texas,


died broken and bitter. He was 75 at the time. Five years later, in an act of penitence,


the legislature of the new State of Oregon restored his land to his heirs.


Time Line


1784 – John McLoughlin was born in Riviere du Loup, St. Lawrence, Canada.


1798 – Begins medical apprenticeship.


1803 – Begins the practice of medicine in Montreal. After a few months attaches himself


to the North West Company as resident physician at Fort William, on Lake Superior.


1812 – McLoughlin marries Marguerite Waden McKay, by whom he had four children.


1821 – North West Company merges with Hudson’s Bay Co

mpany. McLoughlin is put in


charge of Hudson’s Bay Company’s Fort William on Lake Superior.


1824 – The Hudson’s Bay Company sends McLoughlin west to become Chief Factor of


the Columbia District with headquarters then at Fort George, at the mouth of the


Columbia River.


1825 – The headquarters are transferred to Ft. Vancouver.


1827 – McLoughlin oversees the building of the first lumber mill in the Pacific Northwest.


1829 – The Hudson’s Bay Company, under Dr. McLoughlin, takes a land claim at “The


Falls” and encourages former trappers to settle nearby in French Prairie.


1834 – Jason Lee is welcomed and aided by Dr. McLoughlin.


1836 – Marcus and Narcissa Whitman are welcomed to Fort Vancouver by Dr.


McLoughlin.


1842 – McLoughlin surveys and lays out the town site of Oregon City, replacing the


commonly used name of Willamette Falls.


1842 – John McLoughlin, Jr. (the doctor’s second son) is shot and killed.


1842 – Doctor McLoughlin becomes a Roman Catholic.


1842 – The first four American migrations (1842 – 1845) are protected, aided and supplied


by Dr. McLoughlin.


1843 – Hudson’s Bay Company opens a store in Oregon City.


1844 – Oregon City is incorporated by the Provisional Government.


1846 – McLoughlin leaves service of Hudson’s Bay Company and takes up residence at


Oregon City.


1848 – Joseph McLoughlin (oldest child of Dr. McLoughlin) dies near Champoeg,


Oregon.


1849 – John McLoughlin and Robert Moore make application to the county court to


keep a ferry across the Willamette River “to and from Oregon and Linn counties.”


1849 – McLoughlin makes Declaration of Intention to become an American citizen.


1850 – A clause is inserted into the Oregon donation land law which strips McLoughlin of


his land claim near Willamette Falls.


1851 – McLoughlin becomes an American citizen.


1851- Doctor McLoughlin is elected mayor of Oregon City.


1857 – Doctor John McLoughlin dies.


1889 – A portrait of John McLoughlin is accepted by Governor Pennoyer and placed in


the Oregon Senate chamber.


1941 – The McLoughlin house is designated as a National Historic Site by the United


States Department of the Interior.


1953 – A statue of Dr. John McLoughlin is unveiled in the National Statuary Hall in


Washington D.C.


1957 – Dr. John McLoughlin given title “Father of Oregon” by Oregon Legislative


Assembly.


1970 – Dr. and Mrs. John McLoughlin’s graves are moved to Oregon City.

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