РефератыИностранный языкMaMartin Heidegger Essay Research Paper Note The

Martin Heidegger Essay Research Paper Note The

Martin Heidegger Essay, Research Paper


Note: The main work from which text was drawn is “The Question Concerning


Technology” by Martin Heidegger.


Martin Heidegger was a German philosopher, who developed existential


phenomenology and has been widely regarded as the most original


20th-century philosopher. His works include complicated essays such as “An


introduction to Metaphysics” and “The Question Concerning Technology.” In


his essay “The Question Concerning Technology,” Heidegger attempts to


create several intricate arguments regarding technology and the


significance of information. One prominent theme in this essay is the idea


and meaning of info rmation.


Heidegger presents his thoughts by searching for the roots of the ideas


behind information. He includes many references to German, Greek and Latin


vocabulary to better explain his ideas. In order to fully understand the


meaning and significance of informa tion, one must be educated as to the


accurate definitions of some basic vocabulary regarding information. The


first word that is significant to the idea of information that Heidegger


explains to the reader is “episteme.” Episteme in basic translation can be


defined as “knowledge.” “(Episteme is a term)? for knowing in the widest


sense? (it) means to be entirely at home with something, to understand and


be expert in it. Such knowing provides an opening up. As an opening it up


it is a revealing.” This leads


to the next expression, “alethia.” Alethia is used by Heidegger the same


way it was defined by the ancient Greeks; “revealing.” This same word is


translated by the Romans to “veritas.” Again, “veritas” in English is used


to mean “truth” which can be unde rstood as “correctness and


representation.” It is in this change, due to translation of ideas, that


Heidegger notices some inconsistencies.


Information is an often misused term in Heidegger?s opinion. As previously


noted, the translation from one language to another can often turn true


definitions of words askew, and this can cause serious problems with


larger concepts of technology and an id ea of “enframing” (gestell).


Gestell is a German word whose direct translation means “enframing.” The


idea of enframing is also quite prevalent in this essay.


“We now name that challenging claim which gathers man thither to order the


self-revealing as standing-reserve: “ge-stell” (enframing). We dare to use


this word in a sense that has been thoroughly unfamiliar up to now.


According to ordinary usage, the word


Gestell (frame) means some kind of apparatus, e.g., a bookrack. Gestell


is also the name for a skeleton. And the employment of the word


Gestell(enframing) that is now required of us seems equally eerie, not to


speak of the arbitrariness with which words of a mature language are so


misused.”


Heidegger


“Enframing means the gathering together of that setting-upon that sets man


upon man, i.e., challenges him to bring forth, to reveal the rea

l, in the


mode of ordering, as standing reserve. Enframing means that way of


revealing that holds sway in the essenc e of modern technology and that it


is itself nothing technological.” Heidegger is portraying the idea that


gestell is not a tangible object but more of a concept, a way of


classifying. Although it may seem possible to step away from this


“gestell” it is i mpossible. Regardless of outside influences there is


still the underlying revelation that occurs through gestell. In the idea


of gestell lies the idea of information. Information is indebted (aion) to


enframing (gestell), just as enframing is indebted (ai on) to revealing


(alethia). Alethia is then indebted (aion) to knowledge (episteme). These


cycles of indebtedness are recognized by Heidegger and are called the four


causes.


the causa materialis, the material, the matter out of which, for example,


a silver chalice is made.


the causa formalis, the form, the shape into which the material enters.


the causa finalis, the end, for example, the sacrificial rite to which the


chalice required is determined as to its form and matter


the causa efficiens, which brings about the effect that is the finished,


actual chalice, in this instance, the silversmith.


The significance of these four causes becomes more readily apparent when


the definition of indebtedness is further understood. The basic idea of


indebtedness and of being responsible is often misinterpreted. Again,


Heidegger introduces terminology that wi ll better describe what is meant


by indebtedness and responsibility. “Poiesis” literally means


“bringing-forth” and this is the definition that Heidegger intended when


describing the four causes. Heidegger recognizes that the “causa finalis ”


is brought f orth by a combination of other causes and is incapable of


“repaying” the debt that is produced. It simply exists. “Bringing-forth


brings out of concealment into unconcealment. Bringing forth comes to pass


only insofar as something concealed comes into unc oncealment.” Poiesis is


rooted in the word “alethia” (which was previously mentioned.)


This ever cyclical concept about information was one of the main features


of Heidegger?s work in “The Question Concerning Technology.” Each idea is


linked to another which joins other ideas to produce a web of thoughts and


ideas. The whole of any piece is


not as significant as the sum of the parts. Every part, whether it be as


simple as an idea on making a silver chalice or as complicated as the


essence of technology, is not viewed upon alone and this idea of many


parts being inseparable is noted by Marti n Heidegger. As to if he agrees


that this is a good thing, the answer would be no. He thinks that in order


to find the place of an object or notion, one must be completely separate


from it and view it from a completely unbiased viewpoint. This would be im


possible. Human falibility creates gestell (enframing) that links and


associates all ideas together.

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