The Effects Of Marijuana On The Brain

Essay, Research Paper

Marijuana has been illegal for years because of the thought that it was a drug similar to cocaine, or heroin. Drugs such as cocaine and heroin affect the neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter associated with extremely pleasurable sensations. If a drug interferes with its production and causes too much to be produced the result is extremely pleasurable and can lead to severe abuse and addiction. It has recently been proven that marijuana is not a drug that affects the production of dopamine.

The average marijuana plant contains over 400 chemicals and when the plant is smoked or vaporized the heat produces many more. Receptors in the nerve cells of the brain receive these chemicals and the chemicals cause the nerve cell to change in some way. The chemical in marijuana that has the biggest impact on the brain is THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).

THC receptors are abundant in the brain but they are concentrated in certain areas. One region of the brain where THC receptors are highly concentrated is the hippocampus. The hippocampus is the area of the brain that processes memory. When THC attaches to receptors in the hippocampus, it weakens short-term memory. The hippocampus also communicates with other regions of the brain that process new information into long-term memory. So under the influence of marijuana, new information may never register and be

lost from memory completely. There is also a dense concentration of THC receptors in the basal ganglia and the cerebellum. Both of these areas affect movement and coordination. One area that does not contain any THC receptors is the medulla. The medulla controls many functions essential to life such as heart rate and digestion so the lack of receptors in this area has prevented any deadly overdoses of marijuana.

In addition to having significant effects on the brain and impairing memory and coordination, marijuana has effects on other viscera as well. Marijuana causes the heart to beat up to forty times more per minute. This can cause heart attacks or heart failure. Approximately 1% of all heart attack victims suffer their heart attacks on the same day as using marijuana and .2% of victims say that they smoked marijuana within one hour of their attack. The effects of marijuana on the heart and other organs can be very dangerous, however this effect is highly insignificant compared to the effects on the brain.

Marijuana can be very dangerous if used in excess. Though it does not cause the user to become physically dependent it can cause them to become psychologically dependent. The brain is quite possibly the most important organ in the body and the use of marijuana causes the brain to function in ways that can be dangerous to the user or to others and for this marijuana is illegal, and justly so.