Othello And His Tragic Flaw Essay, Research Paper
Tragedies often focus on a tragic hero who has a flaw that ultimately leads
to his downfall. That flaw is commonly referred to as a tragic flaw that is
inborn to the person and can mirror his background. In Aristotle’s Poetics,
he discusses the theory of tragedy and what criteria is essential in an
ideal tragedy. According to Aristotle, the tragic flaw is the most
important part of the hero and the events that occur in the work is a
reflection of that flaw. In William Shakespeare’s Othello, Othello is an
excellent example of an Aristotelian tragic hero. His gullibility and
jealousy are the main reason of his downfall. Othello deals with love lost
because of gullibility and jealousy. Aristotle’s theory of tragedy, found
in the Poetics, deals with the characteristics of plays that make them a
true tragedy, and characteristics are also essential in giving plays their
true definition of a tragedy. According to Aristotle, the life and soul of
tragedy is plot. Incidents in the plot have the best effect if they occur
unexpectedly, and in consequence of one another. A great tragedy grips the
audience with the plot. Aristotle also states that the sense of the
inevitable must be present in tragedy. The tragic hero is also another
important factor in an Aristotelian tragedy. The main character must be
noble, have a higher stature than most men, and have better qualities than
secondary characters. However, the main character must also exhibit his
flaws. The most important part of an Aristotelian tragic hero is the tragic
flaw. He must have that flaw throughout his life and it will play the
primary role in his downfall, while reflecting his background. Another
part of the main character is that he is destroyed by himself, not by
others, bad luck, or depravity. These are the criteria necessary to be
classified as a ideal tragedy and Othello meets that criteria. The main
character, Othello, is a classical example of a tragic hero, and he has the
basic elements that match him up to be a true hero defined by Aristotle.
Othello, being a soldier all his life, is seen as a very honorable
man.. His title alone, governor-general, presents an air of nobility,
confidence, and strength. The title defines someone who is held in
tremendously high esteem by the people of Venice. During Act 1, Scene 3,
the Duke and a few Senators are discussing issues around a table when
Othello enters the room. It’s clear that Othello is held in high esteem
when, as he enters, one of the senators states Here comes Brabantio and
the valiant Moor (47). Othello’s confidence in himself, another of his
positive attributes, is clearly portrayed as he defends himself and his
recent marriage to Desdemona, the daughter of the Venetian Senator
Barbantio. In his defense, he associates himself with one of the great
ones of the world. He also demonstrates confidence in himself and his
actions when Brabantio, Desdemona’s outraged father, accuses the Moor of
witchcraft. His stature, that of a tall, dark, African Moor, combined with
his personal magnetism, assist him in gaining the respect and allegiance of
the Venetian people and senators. The respect of the people is brought
forth in Act 1, Scene 2, when Montano, the Governor of Cyprus, is awaiting
the arrival of Othello’s ship, following a strong storm at sea, and remarks
he has “served him” and the man [Othello] commands/ Like a full soldier”
(35-36). He also refers to him as the “brave Othello” (38). Othello is also
held in respect by his men, the soldiers, and throughout the play is
referred to as a “captain,” a term
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carried over from Roman times which depicts a commander of a company of
men, or a so called “soldiers soldier”. He is a proven leader of men and
known for his military knowledge and skills. His soldierly ways are a
result of serving a military capacity since the early age of seven.
Dignity, courage, a strong belief in religion, self control and sound
judgment are a few of Othello’s other positive attributes portrayed in the
play. His confidence in himself and his courage are clearly evident when
Othello makes a stand before Brabantio, Roderigo and Iago, when following
the drawing of their swords, Othello, as opposed to withdrawing in the face
of danger taunts “Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them”
(59-60). Shakespeare continues to portray Othello as a well- respected
nobleman throughout his play, from beginning to end. Shakespeare also shows
a soft side when he displays Othello’s love and confidence in his wife
Desdemona. In Act 1 Scene 3, Othello entrusts his wife to the care of
another gentleman and his wife as he must go off to war in Cyprus. The
entrusted man and his wife happen to be his good friend Iago and his wife
Emilia. Othello displays his trust and confidence in both his wife and his
officer [Iago] when he remarks to Iago “to his [Iago's] conveyance I assign
my wife” (286). His trustworthiness make him a greatly respected person.
Through nobility, respect, love, and trust, Othello is considered to be an
honorable and commendable man.
However, Othello’s background was unsophisticated, and would often
affect his attitude. Othello is a person who is innocent and base in
nature. He was influenced by the way his life was going on. Othello’s
statement, His innocence and lack of sophistication is revealed in this
statement. “Perdition catch my soul but I do love thee. And when I love
thee not, chaos is come again.”(act 3, sc. 3, line 100), showed that he
felt his life was only in order if he is loved. The people around Othello
also knew of his attitude. Iago was very quick to see this. In his first
soliloquy, Iago said “the Moor is of a free and open nature that thinks men
honest that but seem to be so.” (1,3,442) Iago knew of Othello’s weakness.
Othello’s innocence and baseness makes him susceptible to being undermined
by people. Iago also reveals his plan to use the Moor’s gullibility against
him. Othello is clearly a person who believes appearances versus reality.
When Othello was told about an affair between Desdemona and Cassio, he
started to become jealous. Being that person who believes appearances, he
wanted ocular proof of Desdemona’s unfaithfulness. Even a superficial piece
of evidence would have been sufficient. In his statement, “Give me a living
reason she is disloyal.”(3,3,446), Othello revealed that he would believe
in anything he saw. This is a clear example of his gullibility and that
appearances can fool him. Othel
determined his feelings. The tragic flaw of gullibility would lead his
feelings to make bad judgments. All of his characteristics made him a clear
Aristotelian tragic hero.
Othello’s tragic flaw of gullibility is exposed throughout the course
of the play. He also developed a jealousy that was caused by his
credulousness. Iago is the catalyst of Othello’s acquired jealousy. His
scheming was inflicted upon the unsuspecting Othello throughout the play.
Iago’s evil was structured on using falsities and insinuations to play on
Othello’s gullibility. Iago appeared as an honest human being,
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but in reality he was an evil person. Iago created a trap that was easily
bought in to by Othello. Iago knows Othello’s flaws and takes advantage of
them. Othello’s gullibility is very evident to Iago, and his free and open
nature makes him vulnerable to being tricked by Iago. Iago’s intelligence
read Othello’s baseness. When the initial rumor of an affair between
Desdemona and Cassio was implanted in Othello’s head, Iago built up his
trust with the moor by saying, “O, beware, my lord of jealousy! It is the
green-eyed monster which doth mock the meat it feeds on.”(3,3,195) Iago,
being a man of skills and tricks, bewares Othello of the dangers of
jealousy… the same jealousy being instilled in Othello by Iago. He
deliberately plays off of Othello’s gullibility throughout the play.
Othello’s gullibility led him to believe lies and insinuations by Iago.
Othello is overwhelmed by all of the insinuations and lies. Othello’s
gullibility, his tragic flaw, is the underlying reason of his downfall.
Othello eventually becomes overtaken with all of the jealousy that is in
his mind. The battle between love and hate going on in Othello’s mind is
clearly seen in the statement, “Farewell the tranquil mind! Farewell
content! Farewell the plumed troops and the big wars that makes ambition
virtue! O Farewell!”(3,3,400) Othello’s statement also relates to his
statement that his life is good with love. When Othello lost his love, his
life turned to chaos. Othello is furious at all the “evidence” of
Desdemona’s affair, and considers the proof sufficient because it is from
Iago. Othello then plans to murder Desdemona and Cassio. At that point,
Iago realized that his plan worked perfectly and that he had Othello in his
grips. Iago’s statement, “Work on, my medicine work! Thy credulous fools
are caught, and many worthy and chaste danes even thus, All guiltless, met
reproach.”(4,1,53) shows that Othello is gullible. He clearly called
Othello a “credulous fool.”
Iago comments on the people he caught and the ease of trickery.
Othello is clearly manipulated by a person who recognized his natural flaws
and used them to his advantage. Othello is made into a fool by Iago because
Iago had the drive and mental capacity to use someone’s psyche to his
benefit. Shakespeare portrayed Othello as one of the most loving persons.
He lived for the love and care of a person. The way that Othello was turned
to hatred is ironic. The overpowering delusion that he suffers is due to
his beliefs of an affair. His primal qualities lead him to easily believe
anything that is presented to him. Othello’s false beliefs drives him into
extreme anger and makes him plot to kill his wife and lieutenant. The
final stages of the play reveals the true gullibility of Othello to the
other characters. Iago agrees to help kill Desdemona and Cassio. When
Othello finally went through with his plan, the dying Desdemona
reassures her faith to him. Othello believes Iago and his own false
deductions instead of his own wife. Desdemona did not realize Othello’s
flaws. In her statement, “And but my noble moor is true of mind and made of
no such baseness as jealous ones are, it were enough to put them to ill
thinking.”(3,4,25) she judged Othello opposite to what he really was. She
did not suspect that Othello would suspect her for an affair. In reality,
Othello is a gullible person who is drawn into jealousy and falseness by
Iago. Othello accomplished his plan of killing his wife and destroying a
marriage that had no reason to be torn apart. Desdemona was the victim of a
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plot by a gullible man driven into rage because of lies. When Emilia
confronted Othello, he admits to killing his wife but said that she was
untrue to him. Emilia repeatedly told Othello Desdemona’s unfaithfulness
was not true. He responds to Emilia by saying, “Ay, ’twas he that told me
on her first. An honest man he is, and hates the slime that sticks on
filthy deeds.”(5,2,179) Othello’s gullibility is also exhibited in this
statement. He believes Iago and his lies because he thinks that Iago is
honest. Othello is drawn in by the appearance of Iago, and Iago’s scheming
is so powerful that Othello praises him for his “honesty.” Othello and Iago
are finally caught and their plot is revealed. Othello then finds out that
Iago did not go through with his vow to kill Cassio. Othello told the
officials his reasons for committing murder and that Iago told him of an
affair. Iago’s response is, “Demand me nothing. What you know, you know.
From this time forth, I never will speak a word.”(5,2,335) Iago tells
Othello and the others that he didn’t tell Othello about an affair. He just
simply made insinuations and suggestions about one. Othello really does not
know of an affair between Desdemona and Cassio, but his gullibility leads
him to be overtaken with appearances.
Othello does not make any real attempt to find out the truth. He
relies on Iago to provide a picture of what he thought happened. Because of
Othello’s failure to seek the truth, his inevitable downfall becomes visual
when he kills himself. Othello’s tragic flaw is being gullible. His
background of baseness makes him a weak minded person. Iago is an evil man
who wanted to see the downfall of Othello. He recognizes Othello’s flaw and
uses it to his benefit. Iago’s scheme consists of images and appearances of
an affair, but not evidence of one. Othello’s stature, and downfall make
him a true tragic hero. His tragic flaw, gullibility, the defining criteria
of a tragic hero, makes Othello a man that he never thought he would be.
Othello realizes that he became a person filled with rage and hatred, and
only wants to resolve the chaos in his life by putting an end to the affair
that he believes is going on. All the structure’s of Othello’s character
makes him a prime example for a Aristotelian tragic hero.
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