Printing problem led to first air conditioner

/>количество
денег, так как
Фреон был особенно
подходящим
для маленьких
модулей с небольшим
количеством
вместимости.
Карриер не
участвовал
в развитии
Фреона, но он
был быстр, чтобы
начать использовать
это, как пионер
в области маленьких
модулей.

Уиллис
Карриер умер
в 1950, прежде чем
домашние
воздушно-кондиционные
системы стали
общим достоянием.
Это было развитие,
которое он,
вероятно, не
мог предсказать
в 1902, когда он
намеревался
найти способ
улучшить печать.

In
1902, Willis Haviland Carrier did for indoor climate control what
Alexander Graham Bell did for communication and Henry Ford did for
transportation. And he profoundly changed the way we live.

While
trying to figure out a way to solve a printing company’s
humidity problem, this young engineer invented mechanical
air-conditioning.

The
Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing and Publishing Company of Brooklyn
were having difficulty with its printing jobs during the summer. The
paper it used absorbed moisture from the air and expanded, so colors
printed on humid days didn’t line up with those printed on
drier days. The result was blurry images.

Carrier,
then 25, theorized he could control the troublesome moisture in the
printing plant by chilling the air. He designed a machine that blew
air over artificially cooled pipes... and the process controlled both
humidity and temperature.

The
term ''air-conditioning'' didn’t come into use until 1906,
however. That’s when textile engineer Stuart Cramer patented an
apparatus that released moisture into the air to condition yarn.

Carrier
had called his invention ''Apparatus for Treating Air''. But Cramer’s
name was considerably catchier and was the one that eventually stuck
for cooling equipment.

Names
aside, Carrier`s invention was soon being used in many industrial
buildings, including the Celluloid Corporation that made film for the
movie industry... a portent of things to come.

The
first use of air-conditioning for the sole purpose of human comfort
came in 1914, when Carrier designed special equipment for the Charles
Gates mansion in Minneapolis, Minnesota. That first home conditioner
was 20 feet long, 6 feet wide and 7 feet high!

Carrier also developed Dielene a safer refrigerant
than ammonia. This allowed the air-conditioning of public places, not
just industrial plants.

In
1922, air-conditioning made its public debut at Grauman`s
Metropolitan Theatre in Los Angeles. In 1925, the Rivoly Theatre in
New York lured patrons in from the heat with the promise of a
''refrigerating plant'' to keep them cool.

Air-conditioning
was real life safer for the movie industry, since business
traditionally dropped off during the hot summer month. This way
especially true in the South, where theatres advertised ''cool and
clear'' weather inside as relief from oppressive heat.

The
first department store to be air-conditioned was the J.L. Hudson Co.
in Detroit in 1924. That solved the problem of people fainting in the
crowed basement on sale days!

Willis
Carrier air-conditional the U.S. Representatives in 1928 and the
Senate in 1929, making summer sessions feasible in muggy Washington
D.C. The White House got its air-conditional system in 1930.

Yet
another invention made it possible to cool skyscrapers. Conventional
methods of air-conditioning required large ductwork along walls and
ceilings. In 1939, Carrier developed a system that distributed
conditioned air at high velosity throught small conduits and offered
room-by-room control, making it practical for the first time to cool
tall buildings.

It was
also in the late `30s that the availability of Freon, a nonflammable
refrigerant, made room air conditioners possible. The units could be
made safer and for less money, since Freon was especially suitable
for small units with less capacity. Carrier played no part in the
development of Freon, but he was quick to make use if it as a pioneer
in the field of small units.

Willis
Carrier died in 1950, before home air-conditional systems became
common. That was a development he likely could not have foreseen back
in 1902 when he set out to find a way to improve printing.