You can be animal,
It is easy.
You can be God,
It’s easy too.
You must be a man,
But it is so difficult.
People have always polluted their surroundings, but until now pollution was not such a serious problem. People lived in uncrowded rural areas and did not have pollution – causing machines. With the development of crowded industrial cities which put huge amounts of pollutions into small areas, the problem has become more important. Automobiles and other new inventions make pollution steadily worse. Since the late 1960’s people have become alarmed with the danger of pollution. Air, water and soil are necessary for existence of all living things. But polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted water kills fish and other marine life. On polluted soil, food can not be grown. In addition environmental pollution spoils the natural beauty of our planet. Pollution is as complicated as serious problem. Nowadays people understand how important it is to solve the environmental problems that endanger people’s lives. The most serious environmental problems are:
· pollution in its many forms {water pollution, air pollution, nuclear pollution};
· noise from cars, buses, planes, etc
.;
· destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty;
· shortage of natural resources (metals, different kinds of fuel);
the growth of population.
Water Pollution
“Water, water everywhere, not any drop to drink,” said the sailor from Coleridge’s poem describing to a friend how awful it was to be without drinking water on a ship in the middle of the ocean. It is strange to think that the water around his ship was probably quite safe to drink. It was salty – but not polluted. The sea waters today are much more dangerous. There is no ocean or sea which is not used as a dump. The Pacific Ocean, especially, has suffered from nuclear pollution because the French Government tests nuclear weapons there. Many seas are used for dumping industrial and nuclear waste. Britain alone dumps 250,000 tons of industrial waste straight into the North Sea. This poisons and kills fish and sea animals. “Nuclear-poisoned” fish can be eaten by people. Many rivers and lakes are poisoned too. Fish and reptiles can’t live in them. There is not enough oxygen in the water. In such places all the birds leave their habitats and many plants die. If people drink this water they can die too. It happens so because factories and plants produce alot of waste and pour it into rivers. So they poison the water. Factories use clean water. After the water is used it becomes poison which goes back into rivers, lakes and seas.
Air Pollution
When the Americans decided to clean up the Statue of Liberty in 1986, the first thing they had to do was to make a hole in her nose and take away the acid rain that had collected inside. The polluted air of New-York had mixed with the rain and damaged the Statue greatly. And you certainly know that most of the pollution in big cities comes from cars and buses. More and more often people are told not to be in direct sunlight, because ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone layer in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation can get to the earth. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air pollution. Nuclear power stations can go wrong and cause nuclear pollution. This happened in Windscale in Britain, in the Three Mile Island in the USA, Chernobyl in the former Soviet Union and Semey in Kazakhstan. Nuclear pollution cannot be seen but its effects can be terrible. To make air clean again we need good filters at nuclear power stations, at factories and plants and also in cars and buses. Both clean air and clean water are necessary for our health. If people want to survive they must solve these problems quickly. Man is beginning to understand that his environment is not just his own town of country, but the whole earth. That’s why people all over the world think and speak so much about ecology. Nowadays we face many ecological problems and we must protect our environment. The importance of the environment has finely been realized by many people. The organization of international environmental congresses is evidence of this. Many countries have been trying to find solutions to their environmental pollution. Unfortunately the practical implementation of these solutions is not as easy as in theory. The cause of environmental disturbance can be summarized as the development of industry and life standards. Most of the agents of environmental pollution have been produced by developed countries. They have to develop strategies for the safe disposal of industrial wastes. However this requires additional funds and reduces the productivity of the industry concerned. Urgent solutions must be found; otherwise our environment will be deteriorated further as time passes.
Pesticides
Pesticides are chemical agents used against pests. They are sprayed on plants or plant products to kill pests. Of course the death of the pest is intended during this action. Eradication of the pest may be achieved but the food chain is harmed due to this destruction. Another effect of pesticides appears after rain. The sprayed pesticides are washed from larger plants by rain and are carried into streams and rivers. The sedimentation of these agents in lakes and ponds causes the death of aquatic organisms and as a result the natural balance is damaged. Among the continental lakes of the globe the Aral Sea occupied the fourth place in the area. We have to stress-occupied. Today the Aral is perishing. This badly affects the population of the area, which includes several regions of the Central Asian Republics and the Kzyl Orda region of Kazakhstan. In some places the Aral has moved a hundred kilometers from the former coasts. The sea level has sunk 18 meters, the area has decreased more than one third, the volume of water – 60%. The average salinity has increased two and a half times, which brought about the death of fish – as a fishery area the sea has completely lost its importance. According to same preliminary estimates wind lifts from the bare sea bid and the scatters to a distance of 400-500 km tens of millions tones of caustic. Salts that threaten to ruin the agricultural oases for which water is drawn. There is an average 520 kg fall of sand and salt per hectare of the Aral lands. The ecological catastrophe led to the growth of the sickness rate dangerous demographic situation, unemployment and poverty of the people, living in that area. The Aral Sea in Central Asia is a typical example of the effects of pesticides. Chemicalagents were carried into the lake for many years. Pesticides accumulated at the shore and bottom of lake. Today the Aral lake has dried up and the pesticide residues are causing enormous health problems in the environment.
Rubbish
Lakes and rivers are often polluted drains from town and factories empty into them, into the water. The chemicals poison the water. Wildlife cannot easily survive in it. Ocean – going tankers sometimes empty thankfuls of oily water into the sea. When this happens great patches of oil are left floating on the sea’s surface. Electricity for our home is made in buildings called power plants. Power plants usually use coal, oil or gas to make nuclear energy, uranium is needed. And uranium is radioactive, which means it gives off rays which are very dangerous to any living thing. Some people are worried that the radioactivity might escape and poison living things. Because this rubbish remains dangerous for thousands of years, we need to be especially careful about what we do with it.
Poison-beware
Stand next to a car in a traffic jam, and you may see clouds of dirty gas. This is one way the air gets so dirty or polluted. Some of the fumes are poisonous and can do a lot of harm to animals, plants and people. Even the rain is not pure water it might seem to be. Some of the air pollution reaches about level. When rain clouds are formed, the poison is mixed with drops of rain. And down comes what is called acid rain. Farmers very often spray chemicals on their land. There chemicals kill pests. But what the farmer doesn’t see is the damage that the chemicals do to other things. The pests or weeds are killed. But so are many other harmless small creatures that might have been taken as food by birds. The chemicals can be washed by rain into nearby streams or lakes. The fish in the water can be poisoned. Scientists are working all the time on chemicals which don’t harm wild life, but there are still some being used that are harmful.
Reduction of pollution
Air is polluted by gases released from different sources such as from the combustion of coal and oil to provide energy. For instance, coal is used as a heat energy source in some countries. It is also used in thermic power plants to obtain electrical energy. The hazardous effects of these pollutants can be reduced by their filtration and regulation in use. The best way of avoiding environmental pollution is the use of alternative safe energy sources such as wind power, solar energy and natural gases. Water is polluted by industrial wastes
. Factories should take responsibility for the purification of their wastes before they release them into the water. Where the problem is sewage, treatment plants can be used where bacteria break down the sewage. The solid waste dumped on land can be recycled. The usable materials can be eliminated from waste and reprocessed again and again. I want to tell you about nuclear pollution
. Kazakhstan is a nuclear-free country, but as a heritage of the former USSR it has 3 nuclear testing grounds. The largest on is Semipalatinsk testing ground. On August 29, 1949 the first nuclear explosion in the USSR was set off on the Semipalatinsk testing ground. Until 1963 tests were conducted mainly on the surface and in the atmosphere. The consequences of these tests shocked even cynics and the tests were carried out underground. In all 456 tests with a total explosive power of 17420 kit were blasted in Semipalatinsk. October 19, 1989 was the last date a test was carried out in this nuclear testing site. The ancient steppe, its way of life, numerous animals and plants, all became hostages of the warfare of the powerful forces. During the second half of the 80-s along with other processes that took place in various spheres of the changing society there was the surge for freedom. In 1988 an uprising with the demand to shut down the testing site grew into the international movement “Nevada-Semey” led by the well-known poet and public figure Olzhas Suleimenov. “Nevada-Semey” movement enlightened people send won the support and sympathy of the people all over the world. Meeting demonstrations, letters, appeals to governments, collections of thousands of signatures, picketing at the testing sites. At last the old system was forced to give away. The testing site is closed, but its trace still remains on our land. The region has the highest level of cancer diseases, changes in the genetic structure of people and animals, the shortest life span and the highest mortality rate. There are different opinions on the solving the present situation in the area, but one is clear: it is necessary to evaluate the ecological and moral damage of the nature and health. Kazakhstan cannot solve this problem single-handed. What is more – it wouldn’t be in the interest of Kazakhstan alone. It is an issue of global importance. I think that I have showed you only some ecological problem. We can see that we, only we can help our planet. You know, that the Earth is our planet. We have much natural recourses, which we must take care and pass them to our children. I want to tell you about ecology problem of my native town
. Burabay, the name of one of the most picturesque corners of Kazakhstan, the land of wonderful songs and poetical legends. One gathers in impression that someone who said that it is better to see a place once than to hear of it a hundred times meant no other but this land. Nature has created here a fanciful world of colours, forms and sounds. There are many legends about Burabay. Now not only legends handed down from generation, but also excavations made by Kazakhstan archaeologists tell us that Sinegorye (Land of Blue Mountains) was inhabited by hunters, experienced stock-breeders and crop-growers, the Skythians mined gold here. Every stone, every forest path in area of Burabay is associated with some tradition. If you look into the distance at the outlines of the Blue Mountains, you will seem to see a giant who fell asleep amidst the forests. Yes, that is the mountain of the Sleeping Batyr. Height of that mountain, if to count up to the point of the helmet, is 836 meters. If you look from the Akylbai Pass in another direction, it will seem to you that you see a fossiled camel. That is mount Bura (Camel) about which the Kazakhs had composed a lot of legends. Height of mountain Bura is 690 meters. Rock Okjetpes, which is the Kazakh for “cannot be reached by an arrow” is associated with a legend as well. There is a very beautiful stone sphinx in Burabay. Our ancestors named this rock as Jumbaktas (the Mysrerious Rock). And really a mysterious rock! If you look at the rock from one side, it reminds the boat, and if you look on the other side – it reminds the girl with the hair, fluttering on the wind. And if you drive a little further and look at the rock on one more side, you can see the old bowed women. Today everyone, who comes to Burabay, doesn’t leave, without not looking on “dancing birches”. They look like the beautiful slender girls, turning in a whirl of cheerful and impetuous dance. It is fantastic! There is a particular place in Burabay. Place, where Abylai khan set his White Horde and lifted his White Banner. Since than that glade was called “Abylay’s Glade”. Presently the descendants consider this place as a holy place and tie the coloured knots on the branches of the white birches in the vicinity. The path, which leads from Abylay glade, passes on the slopes of Kokshetau and dives in a thicket of wood. If you go further, you will meet a throne on your way, as it cut out from the yellow stone. The real gold throne! It’s named “Khan tagy”. With approach of the warm spring days, Abylay abandoned his winter-stay near Red wood and placed on this green glade. He left from Horde and had a rest in that natural throne, giving himself up to the contemplation. It came in a habit. Since then this skilled exhibit became to be called as Khan tagy. The people consider it sacred the parish usual adhere the rags of stuff on the branches of trees and ledges of stones near it. Unfortunately, in time of chauvinistic splash of red totalitarism, even the khan’s throne hasn’t been left in inviolability. Anyone, who feels like it, can sit down on it, everybody contrived to break away “a bit on memory”, even beat out on the throne their names, so that “to remain in history”. It can’t be helped?! Here is a small hut-size rocky conglomeration from a yellow granite to the west from lake Kumiskol. It attracts the eyes from apart. A stain darkens in the middle of it. If you come nearer and look more attentively, you can see the entrance to the cave. It is the cave of Kenesary. Today the cave, called by the name of Kenesary, is one of the sacred places, esteemed by the people. There are always many people here. On this place the faithful musulmans make prayers, devoted to the spirit of Kenesary. The Kokshetay upland, a anique corner of this country’s landscape, has long been called the Switzerland of Kazakhstan. Its granite cliffs of several hundred meters in height under the influence of winds, rains and the sun have obtained here the form of a quaint, picturesque obelisk. Along the mountain slopes and at their foothills there are high pines stretching towards the sun. The eldest of them are two hundred years of age. In the low grounds and valleys, on the coasts of blue lakes Burabay, Shchuchye, Big and Small Chebachye the pines are joined by a round dance of aspens and shrubs. The forest glades are of different colours. There are plenty of raspberries, wild strawberries, red bilberries and other berries, to say nothing of mushrooms. In the Burabay forests you can find deer, marals, bears, wild boars, roes, wolves, squirrels, foxes and hares. Beautiful elks happen to appear here as well. About two hundred species of birds make their habitat here. They include mallards, geese, partridges, grouse, teals, loons, grey herons, storks, snipes, lapwings and capercailzies. The blue lakes of Burabay abound with perchpike, carp, perch, wild carp, tench. Pikes chase young fishes, there splash crucians. These places were renowned for a healthy climate as early as the past century. Summer is not very hot here, and winter is much milder than in the open steppe. Dense forests purity the air and lavishey saturate it with the aroma of pine-needles and grasses. Burabay - a lake, a health resort, tourist camping-sites, young pioneer camps, holiday homes – can be found on all the maps, in all th
because of its character and violent disposition the people named it Kurkireuk (Roaring). So, odd “water from the lake flows into “Ulken Shalkar”. We shall now tell about the lake Large Shalkar. Five lakes, named Shalkars, are located around Burabay. This is the most large among them. It is said that hundred years ago it was huge reservoir with the area of 30-35 kilometers, which reachs the grounds of the present Nauryzbay state-farm. That’s why our ancestors named it Large Shalkar, sometimes it was named Ainakol (Mirror lake). 40-50 years ago the depth of the lake reached 16 meters and the area made up 25 square kilometers and of our contemporaries remember it, because they saw this lake by themselves. Lake Shortankol (Pike) is the deepest of 1515 lakes. Its length was seven kilometers long, the width was more than four kilometers and the depth, in some places, reached 45 meters. The average depth was 15 meters. On some incomprehensible reasons long since a pike had lived in this lake and it reached the large size. It is said that it attacked even the people. Therefore our grandfathers named it the “Shortankol”. The mountains, surrounding the lake from the north, are also called the Pike. As the lake is surrounded by the mountains, it is naturally that a great number of mountain rivers and springs fall into it. But the water doesn’t overflow the coast, because from the south-west of the lake the small river runs out. It goes round the settlement and being directed straight for the west on the Ayuly (Bear) edge, falls into the Kylshakty (Weed) river. Kylshakty, in its turn, runs about hundred kilometers and runs into the huge lake Kopa at Kokshetau city. The superfluous water from lake Kopa, the river Shagalaly incurs, that is in eighty kilometers to the north of the city. The beautiful nature can not annoy. The picturesque mountains, the transparent, cold lakes which names tell about the variety, abundant mammals and fishes – Shchuchye, Big and Small Chebachye, Karasye. The crisp air fills resinous aroma. The powerful nature energetics of these places attract people who want to have a rest from narrow and close towns. But today we cannot talk about the primary nature. From olden days the region was the cradle of many poets, composers, singers and writers. But nowadays we can see how man is closely relaf to environment. The nature of Burabay are suffering many environment problems because the people are bad manager. The main “contribution” of air pollution bring the boiler-houses, which situated in Shchuchinsk, Burabay, Katarkol village and many sanatoriums and rest homes. The boiler-houses pump waste gases in the atmosphere. According to some preliminary estimates the volume of waste put together 4,7 thousands of tones. There 51 boiler-houses in the health zone. Only 36 boiler-houses work on the solid fuel but there are only 18 dustgascleaner equipments. There are 15 boiler-houses work on liquid fuel and one on gaseous fuel. The dustgascleaner equipment clean from solid particles but gaseous polluting substances are thrown away in airwithout clearing. We have to get over on the ecological types of fluel-natural gas and electrical heating. The boiler-houses and private sector are necessary to work on the natural gas and electrical heating because it is demanded by time. Except the boiler-houses pollution the environment we have many another one. For example they are motor transport. The examinations of waste from motor transport are showed that waste put together 73% percent in the Shchuchinsk. An average polluting of air put together 8,8 thousands of tones in the year. The most polluting of air take place in the summer, when a lot of people come to have a rest. They drive to the health resorts by motor transport which about 11 thousands cars and other transports. The exhausted gases put together over 60% percent in the summer. It is necessary to unload the main roads and build the making round of roads. We also limit the entrance motor transport to the health zone and the people who come to have a rest can go by bus or taxi. The local authority must control the motor transport which pumping waste gases do not get rid of them. The waste gases cause acid rain; this leads to forest damage an there fore reduces the resources of forestry industry. Economists have long thought of the environment as an unlimited source of resources. They have thought that the atmosphere, forests, rivers and lakes are capable of absorbing all the rubbish the economy throws into them. In fact, the economy and the environment are closely related. The environment supplies the economy with all its resources, such as water, timber, minerals and oil. The environment has to absorb all its waste products. And now look! The procurator’s office of region had revealed crying facts of illegal fishing, hunting animals, cutting trees. The main squares of forests are ruined by fire and the government hasn’t enough money to conduct forests and guard it from fire. Here and there reign to revelry of poaching. Instead of reservation which care of natural resources some. National natural parks turn into profitable places because there are cutting 10 thousand hectare of forest, hunting animals and wildfowl. Some people want to get currency and they give illegal licence for catching rare animals and birds. You will be very surprised because there are some species of plants and animals which threaten of disappearing in the guarding territories. Four species of mammalias and five species of birds are disappearing in the Shchuchinsk-Burabay zone. Nobody cannot count falkon-bola bans which illegal are caught by foreigners and forest poachers. Another problem connects with our beautiful, silver lakes and rivers. For example, according to some preliminary estimates the underground and superficial water has extracted about 4, 44 million of cube metres in the reservoir of Shchuchinsk lake since 1950 to 1995 every year. During many years the water take away for drinking and sewage – farm from Big Chebachye, Borovoye, Katarkol. The lakes level has sunk in the Shchuchinsk 4 metres, in the Chebachye – 3 metres; in the Small Chebachye – 2 metres, in the Katarkol – 1,5 metres since 1974 to 2000 years. It we continue to exploit underground and superficial water in such quantity we shall have to decrease the lakes level.
Another problem is drainage system. Nowadays water resources are exhausted and we have question about pollution underground and superficial water. There isn’t central drainage system in the health zone, because many factories and farms situation there. They dump dirty sewage water into lakes Borovoye, Shchuchye, Big Chebachye. Trash pollutes superficial and underground water. There are powerful pollution of nitrate into underground water and in the chink water-supply of settlement Okjetpes, Katarkol and Kuchugur. The main pollution underground and superficial water are nitrate and nitrite but basis sources such pollution is local septiks of sanatoriums, rest homes and populated area.The sanatoriums, rest homes are they very bring in profit, because the people all over the world, all the year round have come and had a rest and nobody of them think about our nature. Oh, yes, our place is very good for organization and developing inside and outward tourism, but that all is burden to ecological system and these beautiful mountains, lakes and natural landscape. Look around all sanatoriums, rest homes, prophylactoriums, children health camps situate around the lakes. I said that they all don’t have enough hermitically drain, natural sources and reservoirs are polluted by them. We can see on the shore of lakes, along motor-round, on the health establishment meet the places of pollution soil with heavy metal. Yes, of course, the sanitary cleaner of forests and near lakes zone are made but it make that is not so good. Liquidation spontaneous rubbish heap along the road and settlement Borovoye, the drainage drains are prevented to dump pollution into the lakes system of health resorts zone. But these are so little. The ecological situation in the region is demanded of planning decision which is accompanied by solid financial infusion. The basis for realization conception of ecological sanitation this natural complex must be “The Region Program of Developing Shchuchinsk-Borovoye health resorts zone”. The first, the local authority will have to solve the difficult problem of water-supply Shchuchinsk and Borovoye health resorts zone. You can see that the lakes level has sunk because these are sources of water-supply in Shchuchinsk, Borovoye and other. The program foresees to complete the building of Kokshetau industrial water-supply. The second, the Vorobyevsko-Kotyrkol collector is completed to build the repair and modernization drainage cleaner buildings in the Shchuchinsk and Borovoye. The project is financed by the Ministry of Natural resources. It is 712 millions tenge, but the financial temps are backward from real consumptions. The third, we shall decide the ecological problems if we help our National Natural Park of Burabay. Because we must restore and reserve all variety natural complexes, plants and animals. The fourth – tourism. The territories which are not so valued, but have main recreation resources include controlling tourism and recreation utilization. We need to foresee tourism and excursions routes. The tourists will gather the mush-rooms, strawberries if they pay for them. They also will fishing if they have licence, because there are 45 sanatoriums and rest homes which do to the people who have a rest homes medic-prophylactic service and organization their rest. Do you know that the head of our state Nursultan Abichevich Nazarbayev has promulgate the law “About United Social Economic Zone Burabay”. Where he said, that we must correspond to international standards. Much attention in the master plan is to environmental protection, preservation of forests and lakes, afforestation on lakes Big and Small Chebachye, Balpashsor. But I think we don’t forget about a problem such as ecological educate of settlement. If we want our children to live in the same world we live in, or in a better and healthier world, we must learn to protect the water, the air and the earth from pollution. I want you give an example how the people garbage disposal. I think that you know that garbage is one of the problems of environment pollution. In the United States, over 160 million tone of garbage are produced every year. Ten percent is recycled, ten percent is burned, and the rest is put in landfills. But finding land for new landfills is becoming more difficult. A city that has solved this problem is an unusual way is Machida, in Tokyo, Japan. They have developed totally anew approach to garbage disposal. They key to the operation is public cooperation. Families must divide their garbage into 6 categories: 1. garbage that can be easily burned (that is, combustible garbage), such as kitchen and garden trash; 2. non-combustible garbage, such as small electrical appliances, plastic tools, and plastic toys; 3. products that are poisonous or that cause pollution such as batteries; 4. bottles and glass containers that can be recycled; 5. metal containers that can be recycled; 6. large items, such as furniture and bicycles. The items in categories to 5 are collected on different days. (Large items are only collected upon request). Then the garbage is taken to a centre that looks like a clean new office buildings or a hospital. Inside the centre, special equipment is used to sort and process the garbage. Almost everything can be reused garden or kitchen trash becomes fertilizer; combustible garbage is burned to produce electricity; metal containers and bottles are recycled; and old furniture, clothing, and other useful items are cleaned repaired, and resold cheaply or given away. The work provides employment for handicapped people and gives them a chance to learn new skills. Nowadays, officials from cities around the world visit Machida to see it whether they can use some of these ideas to solve their own garbage disposal problems.
If we take away all the rubbish heap we shall have more free territories and use them to our economics. Exactly from civil position, from standard our sense of duty depends on preserving of Shchuchinsk-Burabay Nature. The place where the most modern technology and the biggest standard of social developing will be peaceful coexistence in close unity with living nature. I hope that in a year and in a hundred and in a thousands years our descendants how we can admire the beauty of Shchuchinsk and Borovoye lakes and mountains landscapes and draw energy and inspiration from this wonderful natural source.
Don’t kill the World!
Don’t let the Earth down!
Do not destroy the ground!
Don’t kill the World!
Don’t let the Earth die!
Help her to survive!
Don’t kill the World! We must admire our nature. We shall not do it if we don’t be together. Because nature ennobles and exalts itself in man, inculcates in him profound balanced feelings, high moral qualities. The M.Prishvin said: “Fish wants clear water and we shall protect our water bodies. In forests, steppes and mountains there are different species of animals and we shall protect our forests, steppes and mountains. Man wants a Motherland. So to protect nature means to protect the Motherland.”
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