РефератыИностранный языкCaCauses Of Islamic Conquest Essay Research Paper

Causes Of Islamic Conquest Essay Research Paper

Causes Of Islamic Conquest Essay, Research Paper


Early Islamic conquests saw fragmented tribal


society unified and led by a ruling elite committed to settlement and


Islam. Arab migrations to Fertile Crescent explained


result of policy towards tribesmen.?


Recruited and settled in garrison towns ? easier to control them


and instruments of expansion and control.?


Incentives strong ? wealth of army pay, respect Little evidence migration to settle on rich new


lands ? emigrant tribesmen preferred to remain clustered in garrison towns


or in quarters of established towns. Overpopulation? Umar had difficulty recruiting for


3rd civil war and would surplus population survived in marginal


environment?? Tenuous at best does


not explain sudden burst of energy. Collapse of Arabian luxury trade ? affects Quraysh


and Thaqif and to send tribesmen forward to recapture this implies


political integration with control.?


Migration state policy and implemented by the state ? served


economic interests of the ruling elites.?


?The sooner one settles, the sooner one receives a stipend?. Difficult to assess strategic or tactical prowess


as almost nothing known.? Musims


had no technological advantage and were inferior in terms of cavalry. Conquests made easier by exhaustion of Byzantine


and Sasanian Empire due to prolonged warfare, confusion that reigned in


Sasanian ruling house, disruption caused by recent enemy occupation of


Syria and Iraq, destruction wrought by immense floods in Southern Iraq,


disaffection for religious and other reasons, convenience of inner lines


of communication that Muslims enjoyed Single most important ? remarkable degree to which


a new a new Islamic state with an expansionist policy could harness for


its purposes rugged warriors of Arabia. Rise of state made it possible to weld into a


effective fighting force tribesmen whose energies had previously been


consumed by petty quarrels among themselves and whose political horizons


limited to own tribe and own affairs. Success conquests first and foremost product of


organizational breakthrough of proportions unparalleled in Arabian world. How could have succeeded without rise of a state


capable of integrate Arabia?s fragmented society and draw on it to attain


well-defined political and military objectives.? Not too rash to suggest migh

t have succeeded without Byzantine


and Sasanian troubles. Muslims succeeded because able to organize


effective conquest movement ? impact new religion of Islam which provided


ideological underpinnings for remarkable breakthrough in social


organisations ? truly an Islamic movement ? Islam set of beliefs preached


by Muhammad ? social and political ramifications sparked whole integration


process and hence ultimate cause of conquests? success. Question is why did they pursue expansionist


aims?? Religious reasons ? the


elite saw expansion as divine order or way forward ? clearly felt by


contemporaries to be profound effect ? look at social and political


changes.? Islam provides


ideological sanction for personal expansion aim.? Either God?s will or ideologically comfort for persona


desire. Much of elite ? Quraysh and Thawif and many Medinese


expand political boundaries to secure the trans-Arabian commerce ? or


recapture routes that had moved north. Ample evidence suggesting elite still interested in


trade ? Quraysh with long-standing links Syria may well have wanted to go


there ? financial advantages acquisition of properties, ability of state


to levy taxes, booty in wealth and slaves ? example ?Utba b. Abi Sufyan


Umar?s tax agent over Kinana tribe wanted to use money for trade. Expansion in order to preserve hard-won position at


top of the political hierarchy.? Policy of encouraging tribesmen to emigrate – upon


which continual dominance based itself dependent on conquest of new


domains in which emigrant tribesmen could be lodged ? early strategy then


to get Syria or Iraq or part of state?s drive to consolidate power over


all Arab tribes including those on Syrian desert and fringes of Iraq.? Process generated direct cashes with


Byzantine and Sasanian Empires ? led ultimately to conquest of Syria and


Iraq? – does not necessarily imply


conquest of Syria and Iraq conscious objective from the start. Absence of primary sources that might illuminate


actual motivations ? objectives will remain guesses – true causes of


Islamic conquests will remain forever beyond grasp of historical analysis GENERAL POINTS ? starting point civilisation


medieval Islam ? beginning of the end of late antique world.? Dramatic change political patterns


prevailing led to geo-political realities turned upside down.???????


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