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How And Why Political Systems Change Essay

, Research Paper


How and Why Political Systems Change


Since the creation of mankind the world has been continually


changing. With each day, man develops, countries grow and


political systems change. A political system is an important set


of social institutions. Political systems have many functions.


Political systems create resources for education, health,


welfare, industry and foreign policy. Political systems have


changed drastically over centuries and are still changing


everyday. To understand why and how political systems change,


there are many factors. Some major factors are evolution,


revolution and economy.


A major factor and influence on why a political systems


change is due to the countries social economy. The approach in


which a country deals with certain political processes are


affected by internal divisions of income, wealth and occupation,


also by economic dependence or poverty.


There is always a positive association between economic


development and equality or income. The Linearity theory states


that economic development leads to urbanization which leads to


communication which leads to high levels of education and in


turn leads to Democracy. This theory does an excellent job in


showing how economics lead to a change in political systems.


Wealthier nations such as the United States, Japan and other


European countries often have more equitable income distributions


than poorer countries. According to Robert J. Mundt, a political


researcher, ?in advanced industrial nations the wealthiest ten


percent of households receive about one quarter of the national


income, while poorest receive forty percent and about twenty


percent get only fifteen percent of the national income; in


middle income countries like Brazil, the wealthiest ten percent


gets forty-six percent of national income and the poorest forth


percent get only eight percent.?


An example of a country that social economy influenced the


change in their political system would be the Russian Federation.


The social economy lead to the fall of Communism. The Russian


federation was a communist country believing in state owned and


centrally planned government. Years ago the communists were able


to keep up with the other big money powers of the world. But as


time went on and they tried to catch up, their economy was too


hard to control. Their products were poor quality and their


quantity was created on a need basis. There was no efficiency.


The people of Russia would have to wait years for cars,


apartments and waited hours in lines for simple things like food


and other basic necessities. The soviets began to argue with the


government. In 1991, Russia had gone through the worst of it?s


inflation and industrial problems. Eventually Russia became the


Russian Federation and there was an end to Communism.


Urbanization is another reason that political systems change


and develop. People run out of recourses on their rural lands and


are forced to flee to the bigger cities. People go to the bigger


cities hoping to find a better life for their families and


themselves. As more people go these cities, it creates more jobs.


Industry grows and the social economy also grows. Political


systems begin to create governments that work on foreign policy


and trade which creates more money. Eventually the political


systems shape their governments to look like those of the other


bigger wealthier countries in the world.


Another factor that changed many countries political systems


is that of a revolutionary change. Two countries that were


strongly influenced by the revolutionary change were Russian and


Germany. After World War I, Russians believed the revolution


lead to the collapse or imperialism and capitalism. Russia was


doing well before the war. Industry was still grown and the


people seemed to be happy. That did not last long though, the


war changed everything. When the Russian military went to war


against Germany, the tsarist government fell. As the tsarist


government fell apart so did the Russian economy. The government


found themselves stuck in a situation that they did not know what


to do. In 1917 democratic moderates over the power of the tsar.


This group hoped to make the country more modern and democratic.


But in a strange turn of events, the leader of the moderate


democratics, betrayed his western allies and made a peace


agreement with Germany. Eventually a Russian revolution created


a party with the help of Germany lead to the fall of imperialism


and capitalism. Soon after Russia became a communist country.


Revolutionary change is apparent when looking at China?s


development as a government. China and Russia?s political change


are similar in many ways. One of the biggest revolutionary


movements in China was Maoism. Maoism was created by a person


named Mao Zedong. Mao believed in strengthening and rebuilding


China and by doing so, he and his followers believed in

guerrilla


warfare and in turn created a so-called revolution. Maoism


believed that it was important to listen to the peasants and


tried to propaganda to join his army. He believed heavily in


guerrilla warfare to take over the government. Mao?s acts were


unsuccessful and in 1949 Communism became China?s government.


Great Britain is a country was evolutionary change and


development not only influenced it?s own development, but also


many other countries in the world. Great Britain government is


considered the mother government. It is the oldest government in


existence. Their evolution as a government was watched and


studied by many countries. Many parts of democratic governments


such as the legislative and executive branch can be seen as early


as 1066 for Great Britain. Great Britain legislative branch was


called the Great Council and the executive branch was called the


king council. The Parliament was created early in their


government and is very similar to many countries man governmental


body. Great Britain created in 1689 Bill of Rights which gave


people their individual rights and liberties, such as freedom of


speech. Within the last few years, Great Britain has seen some


decline because if the Grand Old Party. There has been no major


change in years in their government and some researchers believe


it is effected their economy and other problems the country is


having.


The legislative branch was called the Great Council and the


executive branch was called the Kings Council. The Parliament


was created which is Great Britain?s main government body. The


Parliament can be compared to other main bodies such as the House


of Representatives in the United States or the Majilis on Iran.


In 1689, Great Britain created the Bill of Rights. The Bill of


Rights created human rights for everyone. Many countries around


the world have tried to create similar rights for their people.


Although Great Britain economy has a slight decline within the


last few years, it has proven to be one of the most stable


governments in the world.


The political attitudes vary from country to country as well


as they always change. As countries evolve, the attitude of the


people change according to what is happening. In countries that


are in a strong economic standing, the peoples? attitudes


probably will lead more toward a nationalist feeling. For


example, the people of Germany are upset because ever since that


wall separating East and West Germany had to come down, there has


been lower unemployment and fewer jobs. At first everyone was so


happy to see the wall come down and now some wish that it never


had. It is proven that the more happy the people are with their


government, the more they will participate. When more people get


involved, this leads to political change.


Sometimes a countries political system changes when the


people are not happy with the government. People get outraged


with corruption, unemployment, welfare, education, and human


rights. When the people are outraged, they have been known to


revolt against the government. Also the people support a leader


that will change the system from the way that it is being ran. An


example is in Mexico decades ago. A leader stepped up that said


he would represent the workers and the farmers. The people


immediatly fought to get this man in power, and he eventually he


was elected in to power and created the PRI, which is a political


party that remained in power for decades.


When looking at the evolution of countries and the change in


their political system, it seems as if many countries have


changed their form of government to a democratic government.


Many countries have adapted to the Western Countries? forms of


government. Within the past couple of decades, more and more


countries are slowly moving into a democratic form of government.


Democracy has not fully proven to be the answer to all country


problems but has been a step closer to helping some situations.


There are many theories that try prove the democratic countries


are less likely to have a war and more likely to be similar and


in the long run better the world economy.


China is the longest standing communist country and has no


desire to try to reform to democracy. Political scientist do not


believe that this is a good decision for China. In China,the


people have no rights, and most of the country is poor. Also you


are only allowed to practice the religion the government tells


you can. Right now in China thousands of people are thrown in


jail and killed for trying believe in the religion of their


choice.


Many researchers agree that democracy is one of the most


influential forms of government. As time change, so will the


countries of the world. It is very hard for comparative scientist


to make exact predictions on what will be the future for


political systems. Looking back on history we can expect many,


many more changes.

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