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The Civil WarThe Crisis Of War Essay

The Civil War:(The Crisis Of War) Essay, Research Paper


Why did the Civil War occur? The Civil War was a crisis of growth. In less


than three quarters of a century, thirteen old British colonies created a nation


with a powerful economy.


The young U.S profited from their colonial past as well as the land which


procured immense amount of resources and possibilities. The history of the U.S


from 1789 to 1865 showed problems of men and resources and the economic boom


will increase differences inside the different parts of the Union.


The civil war could have been avoided, because the American nation gradually


took conscience of itself, and nationalism had been resisted by the second war


of independence.


The difficulty of the American political system: (federal and republican system)


will bring with itself the problem of union and liberty. The anti federalists


also known as republicans blame the government for its attachment to Europe and


criticised the reinforcement of the federal power. Another source of problem is


the economic differences; near 1860 two America appeared: The North, a country


with much activities, and the South, a country of slavery plantations, attached


to the past.


These differences and divergences reflect on the political view of a nation.


However, this new country could have avoided the Civil War, because at the


beginning, pioneering’ spirit was very positive; it had brought down class


barriers. Another advantage of that time was to occupy lands or gain possession


of it at low prices, to access to all the jobs. Taxes were not high. The U.S had


the chance to know a great increase of their population (In 1860 the population


is 8 times greater than the one of 1790). Food is easy to find, and the jobs are


abundant. The lack and the high price of the labour, partly explain the


maintenance of slavery, and made immigration necessary. On the economic point of


view, independence had made the situation better because the old colonies stayed


dependent upon Europe and mainly England, but in fact, the chances and


advantages of the Americans were considerably high: virgin land with tremendous


amount of resources.


All kinds of transports developed (roads, canals,) for example: the canal Eri?


built up in 1825 permitted to reduce 90% the price of transportation of the ton


of their merchandise between Buffalo and New York. The same year, steam boats


enabled to transport a better

market at a better price. In 1830, the way up of


the Mississippi, from New Orleans to Luisville, did not necessitate 4 months


anymore, but only 8 days. Also the railroads were developed and with the


telegraph, the railroads consolidated the political unity of the Union.


The development of this new country is astonishing: with the republicans another


good point is achieved: the decrease of the taxes, and the adoption of the


universal suffrage (everybody is allowed to vote).


When the nationalism spirit succeed against the English, literature will reflect


the American power but will not be strong enough to exceed the difficulties


between the North and the South. The differences of interests were the


following: the South reproached to the North the customs tariffs, the monetary


political. The North considered the economy of the South as out of date, a dead


weight which slowed down the course of history; the incompatibility of


temperament and a common hate. The reasons of this divorce are of course as well


the problem of slavery. For the South, slavery was essential for their life


style: slaves do not cost anything except the food and the surveillance. The


North considered slavery as a shameful act. The expansion to the West made worse


the conflict between the North and the South on the problem if the new States


added in the Union will become states with or without slaves starting in 1850.


The abolitionists, inspired by the Quakers made a huge propaganda which


increased the number of the abolitionists. Also, writers like Beecher-Stowe’s


book “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” motivated many readers. The Dread Scott’s affair as


well as John Brown’s affair stirred up the public opinion on both sides. In 1860


Abraham Lincoln is elected president and will face opposition with the divided


nation. For the South this election is a declaration of war, he secedes and


engages the hostility.


The Civil War happened as a result of a divorce. And this divorce could have


been avoided. The South did not seem to weight a lot in front of the North


agricultural and industrial made of 22 millions habitants. But the South had


professionals officers, and the war lasted for years with more than 100 battles


and 600 000 killed. The Southerners felt anger which divided the South from the


North for years. The Civil War brought so many ruins, but the Union was saved,


and the thirteen amendment of the Constitution abolished slavery.


347

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