How Is Evil Portrayed In Macbeth? Essay, Research Paper
In this essay I shall be looking at the
way evil is portrayed in Shakespeare?s play, Macbeth. I will be concentrating
on the characters in the play that contribute to the evil themes of the play.
It is clear from the start of the play that the witches are the main source of
evil. ?????????????????? ? The witches have an enormous effect on the
play, not only are they evil, but this is emphasised by the strong feelings
against witches and witchcraft in Elizabethan times. Convicted witches were
regularly tortured and even executed. Most people believed in witches and there
was little opposition against this persecution. This was not helped by the fact
that the king, James 1 was also interested in this superstition, often, he
interrogated the accused himself. ????????????????????????? It is clear from the start of the play
that the witches play a key role. The first scene is the witches planning to
meet Macbeth. The setting of this scene is very important; they meet on a moor
in thunder and lightning. These surroundings portray an evil image; the moor is
a very lonely, barren and bleak place, while thunder and lightning associate
with evil. So even at the beginning of the play one of the themes is known. ?????????????????? ? The witches? language includes rhyming
couplets that contradict each other and are very powerful. ?????????????????? ? ?Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover
through the fog and filthy air? This quote tells us about the witches? hatred for
all things good, and their love for things that are evil. Shakespeare adds
rhyme and rhythm to the witches? language to emphasise their evilness. The
second part of this quote adds to their image of being witches and would have
created tension among Elizabethan audiences. The image of old women with cats
and the ability to fly would have shocked an audience. ?????????????????? ?? The first meeting between Macbeth and the
witches is significant as they make two predictions to Macbeth, ?Hail to thee
thane of Cawdor? and perhaps more significantly, ?That shalt be king
hereafter.? These proclamations astound Macbeth due to their sudden
nature. The witches lure Macbeth into a false sense of security. The witches manipulate Macbeth and when he tells Lady Macbeth of the
predictions, an evil plan is conceived. ????????????????????? ?I?ve done the deed.? This deed is the worst possible crime, kingship;
Macbeth has murdered king Duncan in cold blood. Macbeth, the brave warrior at
the beginning of the play has been driven by his ambition to be king. However,
the source of this evil deed may not have come from Macbeth himself. ????????????????????? ?Look like the innocent flower, But be the
serpent under?t.? Lady Macbeth plants the seed of murdering king
Duncan in Macbeth?s mind. The language?
Shakespeare uses here is significant, the flower is associated with
beauty and goodness while the snake is associated with evil. The association
with a snake would have been especially strong because in the bible the serpent
is seen as an evil being. These comparisons to bible characters would also have
shocked Elizabethan audiences, as they believed in heaven and hell. ?????????????????????? Perhaps the most famous scene in Macbeth
concerns the witches and especially their language. ?????????????????????? ?Liver of blaspheming Jew, Finger of
birth-strangled babe.? These disgusting images are the ingredients of the
witches? spell. The language used shows the exploitation of innocence and
vulnerability by the witches and this links in with the theme of the desir
bring all good things to evil. The imagery conjured up in the casts is one of
pure evil. In the same scene the witches manipulate Macbeth by using three
apparitions. The second of these apparitions lulls Macbeth into a false sense
of security. ???? ????????????????????Then live, Macduff: what
need I fear of thee.? The apparition, which is a bloody child, tells
Macbeth of his fortune, ?For none of woman born shall harm Macbeth.?
Shakespeare uses Dramatic Irony as these words confuse Macbeth. It is apparent
from these words that Macbeth would feel invincible and that no man could harm
him. However, Macbeth fails to see the contradiction between this and the first
apparition. This is because Macbeth is unaware of Macduff?s birth; he was born
after his mother had died.?????????????????? ????? It is only at the end of the play that
Macbeth finally discovers his fate. After being told that Macduff had been,
?Untimely ripped from his mothers womb,? describes the witches as ?Juggling Fiends.? Macbeth is accusing the witches of
deliberately juggling their words so that he could not understand them. This is
a brilliant quote as Macbeth has just realised his life is in ruins, but the
audience knew this earlier. ??????????????????
The witches have changed Macbeth from a brave warrior to an evil,
murderous, traitor. ??????????????????
?By the pricking of my thumbs, something wicked this way comes.? This quote is significant as it illustrates the
change in Macbeth throughout the play, now even the witches consider Macbeth to
be evil. However, when looking at the path of destruction that Macbeth has left
behind him it isn?t very surprising. Just one man driven by his ambition to be
king has led to a chain reaction of murders ??????????????????
?Stars, hide your fires! Let not light see my black and desires! From this quote we can see Macbeth?s true feelings
towards king Duncan. It tells us that no one will see the murder due to the
darkness and lack of light. His dark intentions have imagery due the blackness
of the night and evil desires and intentions of Macbeth. ???????????????????
The murder of his once best friend, Banquo leads to Lady Macbeth going
mad. The brains behind the relationship who conceived the plan of murdering
king Duncan which started the chaos of the whole play eventually commits
suicide as she couldn?t handle the guilt. ???????????????????
?Here?s the smell of the blood still: all the perfumes of Arabia will
not sweeten this little hand.? This is a significant quote as although Lady Macbeth
did not kill king Duncan it was her idea, and it could be argued that Macbeth
wouldn?t have murdered king Duncan without the influence of Lady Macbeth.???????????????????
The fear of the Scottish people is shown in a conversation between
Donalbain and Malcolm. ???????????????????
?There?s daggers in men?s smiles.? This metaphor describes how Donalbain feels he can
trust nobody and that everyone is putting on disguises; underneath the smiling
faces is hatred and evil. The imagery conjures up pictures of the innocent and
pleasant man on the outside but on the inside he is a traitor and a murderer.
The quote portrays the scenes of anarchy and chaos in Scotland. ???????????????????
In conclusion I think it is clear the witches mostly portray evil in
Macbeth. Not only are the witches evil themselves but their evilness spreads to
other characters throughout the play. I think there is little doubt that
without the influence of the witches, Macbeth wouldn?t have murdered king
Duncan.