РефератыИностранный языкTeTerrorism Essay Research Paper Terrorism1It is very

Terrorism Essay Research Paper Terrorism1It is very

Terrorism Essay, Research Paper


Terrorism


1)It is very difficult to resolve the international problem of terrorism


for several major reasons.


Terrorists usually don’t claim responsibility for their actions until


the fuse is lit, it’s not a case of Jack The Ripper sending an ear to the cops


and warning them who his next victim will be. Terrorists usually do claim


responsibility for their actions after the media is aware that something


happened, this gains recognition for their cause, which is often the reason they


resort to terrorism in the first place. These groups are often underground and


individuals rarely step forward, how can you arrest an entire group that you


can’t touch?


Governments endorsing terrorist acts and providing a safe house for them


once they’re on the run just adds to the problem. Hijackers can take their


hostages, get the ransom and fly the plane to the country of their choice. That


country is usually ready to welcome the criminal, for a small cut of the ransom.


Algeria used terrorism as a business to raise capital. By providing immunity,


they became a haven for terrorists. Many Middle Eastern countries resort to


terrorism when dealing with other nations. Saudi Arabia sponsors Islamic


terrorists to lay siege to Egypt. Terrorism is a means of influencing


international relations.


How can you prevent acts of terrorism when those paid to protect the


people are among the guilty? The Ku Klux Klan is a prime example of police


corruption and a government that turned its’ back on its’ people. Dirty cops and


prejudicial governments provided the fuel that burnt black churches of the


Southern States in the past . Many white citizens were not members of the Ku


Klux Klan, but most whites were reluctant to take a stand against the Klan until


the KKK’s acts of violence began to threaten whites who were not white


supremacists. When whites began to oppose the Klan, they went underground and


were thought to have disbanded but they arose again before the first war and


once more during the civil rights movements of the 1960’s. This problem has


arose again as Negro churches have again been targeted by arsonists. The police


have been unable to solve the majority of these crimes.


Hitler and his Nazi Regime could possibly be the worst example of a


government applying acts of terrorism on its people. When those at the top are


corrupt, how can the people defend themselves? Hitler’s methods and ideologies


have made him one of the most feared and hated men in history. Stalin also used


acts of terrorism on his people. His death squads that patrolled the streets at


night and annihilated the homeless was supposedly done for a good cause. I


think that is very questionable.


Negotiating with terrorists can also be bewildering. Recently Prime


Minister John Major of Britain and Prime Minister John Bruton of Ireland were


engaging in peace talks with the Irish political party Sinn Fein. Sinn Fein is


the oldest Irish political party and has been striving for the independence of


Ireland for years. They were founded in 1905 and have representatives in every


major Irish town, they are considered to be the political wing of the Irish


Republican Army. Sinn Fein claims to have genuinely sought after peace but


continuing British bad faith has caused the IRA to act. The British deny these


accusations of bad faith and became puzzled when the IRA broke a long standing


cease fire with a bombing in the urban center of Manchester.


Negotiations can be impossible in the case of suicide bombers. Many


Japanese Cults can not be traced. Though their agents are always caught, they


can never be questioned. Suicide is deemed heroic by the Japanese, the Japanese


cult Aum Supreme Truth used sarin nerve gas on a Tokyo subway to cause terror,


other previous Japanese cults have committed mass suicide at the order from


their leader to avoid interrogation and incarceration. Often these leaders have


some type of mind control on their followers.


Some countries don’t bother negotiating with terrorists. They take a


stance where if the terrorist asks for a million bucks they get squat. The


United States has a policy that is meant to deter terrorist-acts, no


negotiations, no mercy.


2) My position on this topic is anti-terrorism because terrorism is an unethical


method of gaining money or stealing publicity for a cause. Terrorists are


bullies that prey on the fears of the innocent. They drag women and children


into their wars with little concern for the lives that they shatter. They get


what they want by endangering the people that their enemies are responsible for.


The threat of a terrorist bomb is as petty as black mail.


Terrorists don’t need to resort to violence, they should negotiate


first. If they are a developing country crying for help, they should use the


media to get the word out. I am sure that foreign countries would rather lend a


hand rather than dealing with terrorists.


Terrorists are wrong because they target the defenseless, they cause


fear, death and destruction among the public and if they’re not fighting for a


cause, their motives are probably greed.


Terrorists may not directly kill millions of people, but the spark that


started many wars came from a terrorists match, foremost the assassination of


Arch Duke Ferdinand.


3) Seven important questions that could adequately describe terrorism are:


1. What police groups are involved in preventing international crime?


2. Do governments give in to the demands of terrorists?


3. Do certain countries and their governments endorse terrorist


activities?


4. What methods do terrorists use and what do they accomplish?


5. Where are felons tried for committing international crimes?


6. Which countries are heavily troubled by terrorist acts?


7. What are the names, leaders and methods of prevalent terrorist


groups globally?


4)Information answering the seven preceding questions:


1. Most countries have their own agencies for dealing with terrorism, but one


global force that deals with terrorist activities is Interpol. Interpol is a


global police agency that links the police forces of the world. They trade


information and relay suspect information amongst each other. This makes it


difficult for hijackers landing in foreign countries to get away. Interpol


relays messages through a central intelligence system that filters down into


the systems of each countries police stations. By sharing information and man


power international crime becomes less appealing to criminals thanks to interpol.


Peru has a new anti-terrorist directorate called Dincote. General Maximo Rivera


Diaz has established this new ?Delta? force to shut down the terrorist activity


of the Shining Path in Lima. Prior to it’s break up, Russia had virtually no


terrorist problem because of the efficiency of their secret service, the KGB.


Now that the former Soviet Union is in shambles, terrorism in Russia is becoming


more evident.


2. Depending on the severity of the case governments must make a decision on


handling affairs with terrorists, pay them, hold out or send in an anti-


terrorist group to neutralize the situation. One country that stands out from


the rest is The United States of America. They stand by a policy that does not


give terrorists what they want, which would divert greedy terrorists from the


States. Clinton began a harsh anti-terrorist bill as a result of the Oklahoma


bombing. He wishes to make terrorism a priority among the police and other crime


fighting agencies such as the FBI. He wishes to accomplish this by giving these


forces the best surveillance equipment and crime fighting tools available. A


chemical applied to all bomb making chemicals would make bombs apparent at


airport check points and would cut down on hijacking. He also wishes to bar


products from countries that endorse terrorism.


3.Terrorists and governments occasionally work hand in hand. Algeria brought in


large sums of money by housing terrorists. Hamas is terrorist group working in


the Middle East. It was formed in 1987. They conduct attacks on Israeli military


and civilian groups, disrupting politics and causing explosions. The group is


large, with thousands of sympathetic supporters. They also receive aid from


Saudi Arabia and Iran. The Palestine Islamic Jihad is a similar group working in


the Middle East. They act to form an Islamic Palestinian State and to destroy


Israel through a ?Holy War?. Their strength is unknown but they have been linked


to Syria and Iran. The Palestine Liberation Organization(PLO) has been around


since 1969. Yassir Arafat became the chairman and still holds the position today.


This group has a more global range of actions, but is basically striving for the


same goals and also has ties to middle eastern nations. Another group banded


with Saudi Arabia is The Tigers Of The Gulf. It is highly secretive and little


is know but it is anti-American, and it is aide

d by Saudi Arabia.


4.Terrorists use a broad spectrum of methods to get their jobs done. Most of


them either gain recognition for the terrorists cause or throw a kink in someone


else’s plans, this would usually further the terrorists cause, for example


assassinating a rival political leader would give your leader a better chance.


Assassinations by terrorists are usually aimed at someone in the spotlight that


the media will react to. It is also often a member of the terrorists rival or


someone close to him, like the assassination of the Czar and his family in


Russia. Guerrilla warfare is also considered an act of terrorism, this would


almost classify the Vietnam war as a terrorist’s war. Bombing is also a


preferred method of destruction used by many terrorist groups, at the front of


these is probably the IRA. Bombs leave little evidence and a large margin for


error. Hijacking and kidnapping are also strong ways for terrorists to make


demands and gain money. Kidnapping can be used to push the buttons of


influential people and hijacking works as kidnapping with an escape route. Both


of these are often used to trade the hostages for the freedom of imprisoned


group members. Threats and propaganda are also widely spread by mainstream


organizations.


5. International terrorists don’t care about police jurisdiction, but it does


make a difference. Committing a crime in one country may have altogether


different punishments than those of a different country, as the boy who was


caned in Singapore found out all too well. The internationally renown guerrilla


troop and terrorist, Carlos The Jackal, was captured and arrested on bomb


related charges. He is from Venezuela but has caused trouble in several


countries and they all want his hide. France is the lucky country that gets to


punish him because he was captured and convicted in France. The criminal is


charged in the country that he commits the crime in, they often seek citizenship


in foreign countries to gain protection, much like the two men in Canada that


are wanted by Bangladesh for committing murders. Both men are now Canadian


citizens and refuse to return because they fear they will not have a fair trial.


Canada has to make a decision now on whether to honor The Country of Bangladesh


or to honor the rights of the two men.


6.Every country has some degree of terrorist activity, be it large or small. The


Middle East seems to be a hot spot for terrorist activities, maybe due to many


of the nations’ roles in hiring terrorists to join their side than to perform


dirty work for that government. There are also many disgruntled minorities that


use terrorism as a way to get what they want. Japan has it’s own problems with


cult-religious groups that resort to terrorist acts. These groups are often


related to suicide bombers and such, kind of a modern day kami kaze. Areas of


Europe also suffer from high rates of terrorist activity, many stemming back


from the territorial and religious disputes of times long ago. Monarchy seems to


be the enemy of the majority of European terrorists. The States also gets its


share of terror, some domestic but much from overseas, their policies help keep


the levels low. More people die in bath tub accidents than from terrorism in the


States. Canada is even scathed by the knife of terrorism. The FLQ was Canada’s


most dominant and violent terrorist group, though short lived they created a


stir in Francophone relations with the rest of Canada.


7.-The Shining Path is a highly organized terrorist group with coordinated


tactics, but a low violence level. Their leader, Abimael Guzman, was captured by


the Peruvian government. Guzman’s capture has lead to the re-election of the


countries’ president Alberto Fujimori.


-The Provisional Irish Republican Army(IRA) is active in Northern Ireland but


carries out it’s actions in Great Britain. They often rely on bombs to get their


point across, their main goal is the independence of Ireland from Great Britain,


and the unification of Ireland. The Northern Irish(IRA) want freedom and


independence for themselves and their Protestant religion while the Southern


Irish don’t want to leave and wish to remain united with Britain. The IRA was


falsely accused of being hand in hand with the Nazi’s during the war. The IRA


does have ties though, they are allied with the Irish political party Sinn Fein


which handles the groups political affairs and negotiating.


-The Red Army Faction is a German based group which originated in the 1960’s.


Their ideology is a combination of theories from both Marx and Maoism. The


result is a commitment to armed struggle. The group announced that it would end


it’s terrorist activities in 1992. While the group was active they engaged in


bombings, kidnappings, assassinations, robberies and has targeted both German


and American governments. They were even bold enough to attempt to assassinate


the head of NATO, Alexander Haig. The RAF has several hard-core cadres that


carry out their terrorist missions as well as a large civilian following that


spreads the groups propaganda. The group has survived over the years despite the


repeated capture of it’s highest ranking members. The RAF has ties with several


middle eastern terrorist factions and a very strong tie with GRAPO of Spain.


They are attempting to destroy western capitalism and promote world wide Marxism.


-The True Teaching of Aum/Supreme Truth of Aum is a Japanese based faction that


was formed in 1987 by Shoko Asahara. It was recognized as a religious group in


1989. It was headquartered in a small farming village near the base of Mount


Fuji. It contains five branches scattered among 130 sites. It’s membership is


estimated 10,000 in Japan, 30,000 in Russia and about 100 in Manhattan. They


practice a doctrine of Hinduism and Buddhism and they follow a goddess named


Shiva, lord of destruction and regeneration. They believe the world will end


some time in 1997. They were the group responsible for the sarin gas attacks on


Tokyo metro systems that hurt thousands. The groups current leader Shoko Asahara


was arrested.


5)Some would say that terrorism is a valiant deed, the ultimate sacrifice for


ones cause, the only thing that a terrorist sacrifices is the lives of the


innocent, the terrorist is a butcher of human rights. Others would also say


terrorism is an act of retaliation, well two wrongs don’t make a right. If a


terrorist organisation responds to a terrorist attack against themselves with


another act of terrorism, what do you think the other groups response will be?


This situation is currently occuring in Great Britain, the Irish accuse the


English of something and act, the English deny it and accuse the Irish of


commiting unwarranted attacks and responds. This conflict has been raging for


years and no end is in sight since the ceasefire was broken. What if a


developing nation has no resources or commodity to trade to the rest of the


world, wouldn’t you take foriegn hostages to make enough money to feed your


country? I believe that foriegn countries would rather help to solve the crisis


before it reached the stage where terrorism would be put into effect.


Negotiations prior to the problem’s begining could benefit both sides of the


table.


6)Three case studies that would provide further insight into the world of


terrorism would be:


-The FLQ’s affect on Francophone relations with the rest of Canada. Did the


kidnapping and assassination of government officials gain anything? Did it


actually hurt Quebec’s dealings with English speaking Canadians or was it


neccesary? How long did the FLQ remain active and how many members did they


have? Did the Front de Liberationd pour Quebec have the people of the province


behind them?


-The IRA has been battling for it’s freedom for years. Does each bomb they place


bring them closer to freedom or does it push their goal further apart? Would


peaceful negotiations reach their goal faster or is violence their last resort?


Finally is freedom worth that much? Thousands of lives have been lost over a


grudge between nations, could it all have been avoided with a little bit of


equality?


-Japanese religious cults have even less mercy than the brutal terrorists of the


west. Can you blame a terrorist when his actions are being influenced? Should


religious cults be shut down before they reach the terorrist stage? Chemicals


used to make bombs and gas like sarin could be marked in the manufacturing stage,


could this avoid the entire probleb?


7)Terrorism is a terrible deed, sometimes committed in the name of a not so


terrible cause. I feel terrorists use their cause to gain the sympathy of the


people, the masses can add to success of a terrorist groups cause. Compromising


values to achieve a goal is wrong, many terrorists act because their human


rights were disturbed, what are they doingwhen they take hostages? Sometimes the


cause is good but the method is always wrong if terrorism is resorted to.


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